Introduction To Git and GitHub

In this blog, I’ll define Introduction to Git and GitHub, list their features and applications, and contrast their differences. Additionally, I’ll give an example of pushing a Java project to GitHub using Git commands.

 

What is Git?

Git is a distributed version control system, used to monitor source code modifications while software is being developed. It allows several developers to work on a project at once, without worrying about overwriting each other’s modification.

 

Important Features of Git:

•   Git lets you manage various iterations of your codebase by tracking changes over time. So It basically does version control.
•   Git is distributed, which makes it simpler to work offline and merge afterward. Each developer has a complete copy of the repository on their local computer.
•  Even when handling thousands of files and enormous codebases, Git manages large projects effectively.

 

What is the Purpose of Git?

1. Git assists programmers in monitoring all modifications made to a codebase over time. When you wish to go back to a previous state or look at the history of changes, this is quite useful.
2. By offering tools like branches and merge features, it enables several developers to work on the same project without encountering problems.
3. Git serves as a backup by storing your repository both locally and remotely (Github).
4. It facilitates the evaluation and discussion of modifications prior to their integration into the main codebase by supporting code review workflows.

 

What is GitHub?

GitHub is an online tool for collaborative coding and software development that offers version control. Teams and developers use it extensively to monitor issues, manage code repositories, and work together on software projects. GitHub has grown to be a crucial component of the software development ecosystem after Microsoft acquired it in 2018, particularly for open-source projects.

 

Important features of GitHub:

•  To handle code repositories, GitHub uses Git, a distributed version control system. Git enables developers to manage several project versions, work together on codebases, and keep track of code changes.
•  A project’s storage area is called a repository. It includes the complete version history and all project files, including code, documentation, and configuration files. There are two types of repositories: private (limited access) and public (available to all).
•  With branches, developers can work on experiments, features, and bug fixes apart from the main codebase, which is frequently referred to as main or master. When branches are ready, they can be merged back into the parent branch.
• To suggest modifications to a codebase, utilize pull requests. A PR is created by a developer after finishing work in a branch to suggest merging those changes into another branch (typically main or develop). Before changes are finalized and merged, PRs enable code, scrutiny, discussion, and teamwork.
• To keep track of issues, feature requests, or tasks, GitHub offers an Issue Tracker. To improve workflow, issues can be marked, allocated to team members, and connected to pull requests.
•  Continuous integration, continuous delivery, testing deployment, and other standard procedures can all be automated with GitHub Actions.
•  GitHub’s forking (copying a repository to your account), pull request creation, and issue discussion tools enable developers to work together on a single project.
• Users can star repositories, follow one another, and contribute to open-source projects on GitHub, which has a social component.
•  GitHub page is a tool that allows you to host static webpages straight from a repository. Personal portfolios, project manuals, and other static content frequently use this.
•  Code scanning, secret management (for safely storing important keys or tokens), and dependency vulnerability alarms are some of the security capabilities that GitHub offers. Teams, roles, permissions, and sophisticated repository settings are among the administration tools that GitHub provides for businesses.

An AI-powered code aid called GitHub Copilot is embedded into the IDE (Embedded Development Environment) of GitHub. Based on the current project’s context, it assists developers by recommending code fragments, functions, and even whole code blocks.

 

Difference Between Git and GitHub:

Pushing a Java project to GitHub:

You must do these actions in order to use Git commands to upload Java code to GitHub. I’ll walk you through the steps of setting up a repository, submitting your work to GitHub, and committing it.

Step-1: First, Install Git if you don’t have it. You can download from the following site:  https://git-scm.com/downloads

Step-2: After installing Git, you can configure the username and email:

C:\Users\Admin>git config –global user.name “kiran”

C:\Users\Admin>git config –global user.email kiran7@gmail.com

Step-3 Create an account on GitHub (https://github.com) if you don’t have one, then log in and create a new repository.

Step-4 Get Your Local Java project ready.

Step-5 Set up Git in the project folder. Locate the folder containing your Java code by opening a terminal or command prompt. For example:

C:\Users\Admin\Desktop\Sevenmentorjava>git init

Step-6 Add Java files to Git

You must add your Java files (using git add .) to the staging area after the Git repository has been initialized:

C:\Users\Admin\Desktop\Sevenmentorjava>git add.

Step-7 Commits the files using the following command:

C:\Users\Admin\Desktop\Sevenmentorjava>git commit -m “first commit in java program”

Step-8 Now add GitHub Remote Repository

C:\Users\Admin\Desktop\Sevenmentorjava>git remote add origin https://github.com/kiranlkw/javafirstprogram.git

Step-9 Upload or Push Your Code to GitHub: You can now push your code to GitHub after connecting your local Git repository to the GitHub remote repository. Apply the subsequent command:

C:\Users\Admin\Desktop\Sevenmentorjava>git push -u origin master

Hence, pushing your code to GitHub is simple if you follow these instructions.

 

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Author:-

Kiran Tiwari

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