DevOps Interview Questions & Answers
Are you working as a DevOps engineer or thinking of switching your career into DevOps? Well then, the future is yours. As per the SevenMentor survey, more than 50% of organizations around the world are implementing DevOps.
In this blog, I have listed out some of the possible questions that interviewers ask potential DevOps hires. This list has been crafted based on the know-how of Seven Mentor instructors who are industry experts. DevOps Training in Pune with SevenMentor is the best combination for your future DevOps career.
The crucial thing to know is that DevOps isn’t merely a set of technologies but rather how of thinking, a culture. DevOps requires a cultural shift that merges operations with development and demands a linked toolchain of technologies to facilitate collaborative change. Since the DevOps philosophy remains at a really nascent stage, the appliance of DevOps, also because the bandwidth required to adapt and collaborate, varies from organization to organization. However, you’ll develop a portfolio of DevOps skills that will present you as an ideal candidate for any sort of organization.
If you would like to develop your DevOps skills during a thoughtful, structured manner and obtain certified as a DevOps Engineer, we might be glad to assist. Once you finish the SevenMentor DevOps Certification Course, we promise that you will be able to handle a variety of DevOps roles in the industry.
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What is DevOps?
In the simplest term, DevOps is that the gray area between development (Dev) and operations (Ops) teams during a development process. DevOps may be a culture during which communication, integration, and collaboration within the development cycle are emphasized. Thus, it reduces the gaps between software development and operations teams and enables rapid and continuous product deployment.
What is continuous integration?
It is the process of automatically integrating code changes from multiple developers into a shared repository. Automated tests are utilized to verify and assert the extra codes generate no conflict with the prevailing codebase. Ideally, code changes should be merged multiple times each day, at every commit with the assistance of CI tools.
What is continuous delivery?
Continuous delivery, alongside continuous integration, makes an entire flow for deliverable code packages. In this phase, automated building tools are applied to compile artifacts and have them able to be delivered to the top user. With that in mind, during a CD environment, new releases are only one click faraway from being published with fully functional features and minimal human intervention.
For more details, please ask our previous article CI/CD Introduction
What is Automation Testing?
Automation testing or Test Automation is a process of automating the manual process to check the application/system under test. Automation testing is the process of utilization of separate testing tools which allows you to create test scripts that will be executed repeatedly and don’t require any manual intervention.
What is Continuous Testing?
Continuous Testing is the process of executing automated test cases as a part of the software delivery process in the software delivery pipeline process to get immediate feedback on the business risks related to the newest build. In this way, each build is tested continuously, allowing Development teams to urge fast feedback in order that they will prevent those problems from getting to the subsequent stage of Software delivery life-cycle. This dramatically accelerates a developer’s workflow as there’s no got to manually rebuild the project and re-run all tests after making changes.
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What is continuous deployment?
Continuous deployment takes continuous delivery to the next level by having new changes in code integrated and delivered automatically into the release branch. More specifically, as soon because the updates passed all stages of the assembly pipeline, they’re deployed on to the top user without human intervention. To successfully utilization of continuous deployment, the software artifacts must undergo rigorously established automated tests and tools before deployed into the assembly environment.
Explain how DevOps is helpful for developers
In a world without DevOps, the workflow of a developer would start by building up new codes, ships and integrate them, then it’s the operation team’s duty to package and deploy the codes. After that, they’re going to need to await feedback. And if things go wrong, they’ll have to go back and do it all over again because of bugs. Along the road is countless manual communication between different teams involved within the project.
Applying DevOps methodology reduces the developer‘s tasks right down to building codes only, because the CI/CD practices have consolidated and automatic the remaining tasks. Combining the development and operation teams helps create better collaboration and communication as processes become more transparent and accessible by all team members.
What is version control?
Version control (or source control) is respiratory during which all changes within the ASCII text file are stored and managed in the least times. The version control provides an operating history of code development that permits developers to unwind if they made any mistakes, compare between versions and finalize with the simplest version of the code. All the source code versions must be updated and checked into version control, making it the single source of truth that is applicable for all environments.
What is Git?
Git is a distributed version control system used to tracks changes in the code repository. Utilizing and understanding GitHub flow, Git revolves around a branch-based workflow that streamlines team collaboration as their projects progress over time.
What are the benefits of CI/CD?
The combination of CI and CD unifies all code changes into one single repository and runs them through automated tests, thus fully develop the merchandise throughout all phases and have it ready for deployment at all times. CI/CD pipelines enable organizations to roll out product updates as quickly, efficiently, and automatically as their customers expect them to be.
In short, a well-planned and well-executed CI/CD pipeline accelerates the release rate and reliability while mitigating the code changes and defects of your product. This will eventually end in much higher customer satisfaction.
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Define a typical DevOps workflow
A typical DevOps workflow is often simplified into 4 stages:
Version control: this is often the stage during which the ASCII text file is stored and managed. The version control system manages different versions of the code.
Continuous Integration: In this step, developers start to build components and have them compiled, validated, then tested with code review, unit testing, and integration testing.
Continuous Delivery: this is often the subsequent level of continuous integration, during which the discharge and testing processes are fully automated. CD ensures new releases are delivered quickly and sustainably to the end-users.
Continuous Deployment: After the application has successfully passed all testing requirements, it is automatically deployed on the production server for release without any human intervention.
What are some important differences between Agile and DevOps?
DevOps and Agile are complementary to each other. Agile focuses more on the values and principles of developing new software and managing a very complex process more practically. Meanwhile, DevOps is all about enhancing the communication, integration, and collaboration between different teams, which comprises of the developer and operation teams.
It takes both Agile and DevOps methods to form a product development life cycle that works seamlessly: Agile principles help shape and steer the development toward the right path and DevOps utilizes the tools to form sure the product is fully delivered to the customers.
What are the key differences between continuous delivery and continuous deployment?
Under continuous delivery, the codes in the main branch are always ready to be deployed manually. This practice allows the event team to make a decision when to release new changes or features to best benefit the organization.
The continuous deployment will have all updates and fixes in the code automatically deployed to the production environment immediately after the testing phase without any human intervention.
Explain the differences between continuous integration and continuous delivery?
Continuous integration helps ensure that software components work closely together. Integration is a frequent task; preferably it occurs on an hourly or daily basis. Continuous integration procedure helps help us to increase the frequency of code commits and reduces the complexity of connecting code from multiple developers. Eventually, this process reduces the chances of non-compatible code and redundant efforts.
Continuous delivery is the next step within the CI/CD pipeline. As the code is integrated into the shared repository continuously, continuously testing that code is formed possible. There are no gaps while waiting for code to be completed before testing can occur. This ensures as several bugs are found as possible to then continuously deliver code to production.
What is Chef?
Begin this answer by defining Chef. It is a strong automation platform that transforms infrastructure into code. A chef is a configuration management tool by using you write scripts that are used to automate processes.
Now you’ll explain the architecture of Chef, it consists of:
Chef Server: It is a central store of your infrastructure’s configuration data. The Chef Server stores the necessary info to configure your nodes and provides search, a strong tool that permits you to dynamically drive node configuration supported data.
Chef Node: A Node is any host that’s configured using Chef-client. Chef-client runs on your nodes, contacting the Chef Server for the knowledge necessary to configure the node. Since a Node may be a machine that runs the Chef-client software, nodes are sometimes mentioned as “clients”.
Chef Workstation: A Chef Workstation may be a host you employ to switch your cookbooks and other configuration data.
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Explain AWS?
Amazon Web Service is a collection of remote computing services also referred to as cloud computing. This technology of cloud computing is additionally referred to as IaaS or Infrastructure as a Service.
What is Puppet?
I will advise you to first provides a small definition of Puppet. It is a Configuration Management tool that is employed to automate administration tasks.
Now you must describe its architecture and the way Puppet manages its Agents. Puppet features a Master-Slave architecture. Puppet Slave has to first send a Certificate signing request to Master. After this procedure Master has got to sign that Certificate in order to establish a secure connection between Puppet Master and Puppet Slave. Puppet Slave sends an invitation to Puppet Master and Puppet Master then pushes configuration on Slave.
Author:
Onkar Kubade |SevenMentor Pvt Ltd
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