SQL Vs NoSQL Database
In this blog I will discuss database management system and SQL, No SQL databases and then finally I will discuss a few key differences between SQL and NoSQL databases. According to expert data doubling with every two years. Increasing big data now a day has highlighted the limitation of a traditional database. New methods of accessing the data are available which address volume, variety, and velocity of structured and semi-structured data. Long ago data is stored in a file in a rack in offices later on due to the evolution of computer data is stored in flat files.1970 ‘s SQL is integrated in IT. Data is store in the relational database. SQL database becomes very popular. Technology is getting change rapidly and a new buzz world NoSQL is very popular because of generating large data due to the internet. So lets us understand first what is data? Basically data is information or fact used to collected for reference or analysis. A database management system (DBMS) is used for managing the database. It provides a systematic way to perform the CRUD operations (Create, read, update and delete) the data. End users can easily access the data for creating,read, update and delete data in the database.DBMS acts as an interface between the database and end-users or application programs. It ensures data consistency while it has been accessed.
Popular types of DBMS are
1>RDBMS (Relational database management system)
2>NoSQL
3>IMSBMS (In-memory database management system)
4>CDBMS (Columnar database management system)
5>Cloud-based data management system
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SQL is called a Structured query language. It is a way to access the database.SQL is dealing with relational databases. Most of the databases such as MySQL, Oracle, SQL Server, PostGre, etc. By using Structure query language on easily read, update, delete and insert a record in the database.SQL syntaxes are the same for all databases only a few changes in some of the databases.SQL is mainly dealt with the relationship between various entities and data.
SQL has three types of language such as
- DDL (Data Definition Language):
DDL commands are basically used to create, Alter and drop database schema.
It mainly deals with the structure of the database. DDL commands are CREATE, ALTER, TRNCATE
- DML (Data manipulation language):
DML is used to manipulate the data. These commands are used to insert, update and delete data from the database. DML commands are INSERT, UPDATE and DELETE.
- DCL (Data Control Language):
DCL commands are basically used to give access to the user. Commands used in this language is GRANT and REVOKE
- TCL (Transaction Control Language):
Transaction control is mainly deals with the consistency of the data. It is used to achieve ACID property of transaction. Commands are
BEGIN, COMMIT, and ROLLBACK.
DQL (Data Query language): This query language is used to fetch the data from the database. Commands are used in this language is SELECT.
Benefits of SQL Database:
1>High Speed:
SQL queries are very effective to restive a large amount of records from the database.
2>No Coding:
SQL queries have their own syntax to work with database which does not require more code to manage.
3>Based on well-defined standard:
SQL standard is followed by all the database management system
4>Portability:
SQL can be use on any device.
5>Multiple views manage:
By using SQL quires user’s different view can be manage.
Disadvantage of SQL Database:
1>Difficult Interface
Most of the SQL Databases have a complex interface which makes it difficult to access.
2>Partial Control
The database is having some hidden rules because of which sometimes programmers don’t have full control while using it.
3>Implementation
Some of the databases go to the proprietary extensions to standard SQL for ensuring the vendor lock-in.
4>Cost
The operating cost of some SQL versions makes it difficult for some programmers to access it.
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NoSQL Database: It is one of the most popular type of database with meaning “Not only SQL”.
NoSQL databases are very popular because of internet giant’s .e.g Google, Facebook and Amazon which deals with large amount of data.
When we deal with large amount of data then response time is slow with RDBMS. NoSQL database is suitable in that case.
NoSQL databases are designed real time web application and big data.
NoSQL is used in following cases
1>When large amount of data is process.
2>There is no relation between data or relation is not important.
3>Data is continuously growing.
Types of NoSQL database are.
1>MongoDB: document based database.
2>Key and value store : Memcached
3>Tabular: Hbase,Big Table
Types of NoSQL databases and the name of the databases system that falls in that category are:
NoSQL Database Types
NoSQL database are of four types:
1>Column: Data tables are use as column rather than row. They used to query the large amount of data as compare to traditional databases.
Example of this type of database is Cassandra, HBase, Google BigTable, Scylla, Vertica, etc.
2>Document :Document database is used to store semi structure data ,which store data along with its description. JSON format is widely used in this type of database. Document database is helpful in content management.
Example of this database isApache, MongoDB, MarkLogic, CouchDB, BaseX, IBM Domino, etc.
3>Key –value:An associate array and map is base of key –value pair model. It is suitable for web applications session management.
Example of this database isAerospike, Berkeley DB, Apache ignites Dynamo, Redis, Riak, ZooKeeper, etc.
4>Graph: In graph data is organized in node and edges. We can consider same as relational database record as a node and relational is edges. Such a database is useful management of customer relationship, reservation systems and road maps.
Benefits of NoSQL Databases:
1>Scalability:
No SQL Database use horizontal scaling meaning placing a data into multiple machines .Vertical scaling means adding more resource to the existing machines. Horizontal scaling is easy to implement as compare to horizontal scaling. By using the horizontal scaling concept NoSQL database is achieved scalability. It will handle huge amount of data.
2>Availability:
NoSQL Database having auto replication feature. By using that feature in case of failure data is automatically replicates in previous state.
Disadvantage of NoSQL database:
1>Narrow Focus:
The main focus of NoSQL database is storage.
2>Open source:
Most of the NoSQL database is open source hence there is no standard.
3>Large document type:
Some NoSQL database like MongoDB store data in JSON
format. In such case documents are quite large.
4>Management Challenge:
As compare to relational database NoSQL database has a management challenge.
Difference between SQL and NoSQL database:
In industry there are many database are used which mainly under two category SQL and NoSQL.
SQL database store’s data in tabular format i.e. in the form of row and column. In NoSQL database is newer one which store data other format like column, key-value pair or document format.
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There are some key difference SQL and NoSQL database which is as follows:
| Index | SQL | NoSQL |
| 1) | SQL Database is called as Relational database management system. | NoSQL database is called as non relational database which is used in distributed system. |
| 2) | In SQL Database there predefined structure of data called as Schema.
Schema is static or predefined. |
NoSQL is based of dynamic schema. |
| 3) | It is called as table based data. All the operations are performed on table. Even data is received in the form of table only. | As NoSQL database uses either document,kay-value or column format. |
| 4) | In SQL Database horizontal scalability is used. | In NoSQL database vertical scalability is used |
| 5) | To define data and manipulate data SQL i.e. Structure Query language is used which is supported by most of the SQL databases. | NoSQL database uses unstructured query language which get varies from database to database. Document base database is used Query the data. |
| 6) | SQL databases are used in complex queries. | As compare to SQL database the NoSQL database is not used in complex queries. |
| 7) | SQL database is not used in case of hierarchical database. | NoSQL database use in hierarchical database. |
| 8) | SQL database schema is normalized | NoSQL is de-normalized. |
| 9) | SQL is aged technology | NoSQL is latest technology as compare to SQL. |
| 10) | Excellent vendor and community support available for all databases. | Limited community support available for NoSQL databases. |
| 11) | SQL is supports in ACID properties (Automicity,consistency,isolation and durability) | NoSQL is based on Brewers CAP theorem. |
| 12) | Example of SQL database is MySQL,Oracle,SQlite,Ms-SQL etc.
|
Example of NoSQL database is MongoDB, BigTable, Cassandra, Hbase, Neo4j, CouchDB etc.
|
Summary:
I have discussed SQL and NoSQL database in details. Which database should be use is completely depend on business requirement, size of data and type of data. Now a day’s NoSQL databases are gaining popularity due to easy integration with big data. It has other feature like scalability and open source.
NoSQL database is young technology and as compare to SQL it lack in standard.
SQL is good choice if data is in predefined structure, schema and data consistency is important.
NoSQL is good choice for the companies where data is tremendously grown and no clear schema definition. As compare to SQL NoSQL is more flexible and is use to analyze large quantities of data.
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Author:
Chaudhary, Jayashree
SevenMentor Pvt Ltd
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