Test Case Design Techniques Questions
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- What is test design, and why is it important in software testing?
- Test design is a process that describes “how” testing should be done. It includes processes for identifying test cases by enumerating steps of the defined test conditions. The testing techniques defined in the test strategy or plan are used for enumerating the steps.
- There are many reasons that make software testing important:
- Software testing is essential to notice the defects and errors which may occur during the development phases.
- Software testing is important since it verifies the customer’s reliability and the content of the application.
- Software testing is very important to test the quality of the product and the good quality product supplied to their customer helps to gain confidence.
- Testing is necessary when you give the facilities to the customers like delivery of high-quality product or software application that requires minimal maintenance cost and gives good results and precise results.
- Software testing has to be carried out because it gives effective performance of the software application.
- It makes sure that the application does not result in any failures because it may lead to extra expenses.
- It is necessary to stay in the business.
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- Can you explain the difference between black-box and white-box testing techniques?
- What are equivalence partitioning and boundary value analysis, and how do they help in test design?
- Equivalence Partitioning is a software testing technique used to identify and design test cases based on dividing the input data of a system or component into various “equivalence classes” or partitions. The idea behind this technique is to group input values into sets that should be processed in the same way by the software. Test cases are then designed to cover each partition, which allows for efficient and thorough testing.
Imagine you are testing the login functionality of a website, and users are required to enter a username and password. The requirements state that usernames must be between 6 and 12 characters, and passwords must be between 8 and 16 characters.
- Boundary Value Analysis is a software testing technique used to design test cases by focusing on the boundary conditions or values of input parameters. The idea behind this technique is to test the extreme or edge values of input data since these values often lead to errors and defects in software. It’s a form of black-box testing that aims to ensure that a system behaves correctly at the boundaries of its input ranges.
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- Describe the process of creating test cases using the Equivalence Partitioning technique.
-> In Equivalence Partitioning, you would divide the input data into partitions or equivalence classes, which represent different groups of input values. Here’s how you might partition the data for this scenario:
Valid Usernames:
Partition 1: Usernames with 6 characters (e.g., “user01”)
Partition 2: Usernames with 7 to 12 characters (e.g., “username123”)
Invalid Usernames:
Partition 1: Usernames with less than 6 characters (e.g., “user”)
Partition 2: Usernames with more than 12 characters (e.g., “usernamelongerthan12characters”)
Valid Passwords:
Partition 1: Passwords with 8 characters (e.g., “passw0rd”)
Partition 2: Passwords with 9 to 16 characters (e.g., “securepassword123”)
Invalid Passwords:
Partition 1: Passwords with less than 8 characters (e.g., “short”)
Partition 2: Passwords with more than 16 characters (e.g., “thispasswordiswaytoolong”)
Now, you would create test cases for each of these equivalence classes to ensure that the login system behaves correctly for each partition:
Test Case 1: Try to log in with a username from “Valid Usernames” and a password from “Valid Passwords.” This should result in a successful login.
Test Case 2: Try to log in with a username from “Invalid Usernames” and a password from “Valid Passwords.” This should result in an error message.
Test Case 3: Try to log in with a username from “Valid Usernames” and a password from “Invalid Passwords.” This should also result in an error message.
Test Case 4: Try to log in with a username from “Invalid Usernames” and a password from “Invalid Passwords.” This should result in an error message
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- How do you select test cases for a given feature using the Boundary Value Analysis technique?
- Suppose you are testing a system that allows users to enter their ages, and the system has the following requirements:
The minimum age allowed is 18 years.
The maximum age allowed is 65 years.
In Boundary Value Analysis, you focus on the boundary conditions and the values just inside and just outside those boundaries to create test cases. Here are the test cases based on Boundary Value Analysis:
Test Case 1 (Minimum Age – Boundary Value):
Test input: 17
Expected outcome: The system should reject the input and display an error message because it’s below the minimum allowed age of 18.
Test Case 2 (Just Below the Minimum Age):
Test input: 18
Expected outcome: The system should accept the input and proceed because it’s the minimum allowed age.
Test Case 3 (Valid Age):
Test input: 30
Expected outcome: The system should accept the input and proceed because it falls within the valid age range.
Test Case 4 (Just Above the Maximum Age):
Test input: 66
Expected outcome: The system should reject the input and display an error message because it’s above the maximum allowed age of 65.
Test Case 5 (Maximum Age – Boundary Value):
Test input: 65
Expected outcome: The system should accept the input and proceed because it’s the maximum allowed age.
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- What is the purpose of a decision table in test design, and how do you create one?
- Decision tables are one of the basic techniques used in solving problems and decision-making. Using a decision table one can in a concise way specify, under predetermined conditions, what actions should be taken. A decision table is a specific way of describing a set of related decision rules.
A decision table is a brief visual representation for specifying which actions to perform depending on given conditions. The information represented in decision tables can also be represented as decision trees or in a programming language using if-then-else and switch-case statements.
A decision table is a tabular representation of inputs vs cases, rules, and test conditions.
Example 1: In this example, we see how to create the decision table for a login screen that asks for UserId and Password.
The condition here is that the user will be redirected to the homepage if he enters the correct user name and password, and an error message will be displayed if the input is wrong.
| Conditions | Rule1 | Rule2 | Rule3 | Rule4 |
| Username | F | T | F | T |
| Password | F | F | T | T |
| Output | F | F | F | T |
Legend:
T- Correct username or password
F- Wrong username or password
E- Error message is displayed.
H – Home screen is displayed.
Decision Table Interpretation:
Case 1: Username and Password both are wrong, and the user is shown an error message.
Case 2: Username is correct, but the password is wrong, and the user is shown an error message,
Case 3: The username is wrong, but the password is correct, and the user is shown an error message.
Case 4: Username and password both are correct, and the user is taken to the homepage.
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Test Scenarios Possible For This Decision Table:
- Enter correct username, correct password, and click on login. The expected result is that the user should navigate to the homepage.
- Enter correct username, wrong password, and click on login. The expected result is that the user should get an error message.
- Enter the wrong username, correct password, and click on login. The expected result is that the user should get an error message.
- Enter the wrong username, wrong password, and click on login. The expected result is that the user should get an error message.
- Explain the concept of state transition testing. When is it useful in test design?
- State transition technique is a dynamic testing technique, which is used when the system is defined in terms of a finite number of states and the transitions between the states are governed by the rules of the system.
Or in other words, this technique is used when features of a system are represented as states which transform into one another. The transformations are determined by the rules of the software. The pictorial representation can be shown as:
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State Transition testing can be employed in the following situations:
- The application under test is a real-time system with different states and transitions encompassed.
- When the application is dependent upon the event/values/conditions of the past.
- When the sequence of events needs to be tested.
- When the application needs to be tested against a finite set of input values.
Author:-
Chetna Malagi
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