Top 30 AWS Interview Questions And Answers

Scalable and affordable cloud computing solutions are offered by Amazon Web Services, an online platform. Cloud platform AWS Course in Pune is widely used by corporations to help them expand and scale. It provides various on-demand operations such as database storage, content distribution, computational power, etc. Depending on the needs of the user, AWS often operates in a variety of configurations. About the AWS service, the user must, however, be able to view the specific server map and the configuration type that was utilized. Discover the Top 30 AWS Interview Questions and Answers to ace your next interview. Master essential AWS concepts and prepare effectively for the interview.

 

Technical Interview Questions on AWS

1. How much diversity is there in cloud deployment models? 

Answer:

The three main kinds of cloud deployment models are: 

 

• The company makes use of a private cloud, a service that is closed to the general public. For businesses that use sensitive apps, it has been modified. 
• Public cloud: cloud resources such as Amazon Web Services, Microsoft Azure, and all those listed in the AWS market share section are owned and managed by third-party cloud services. 
• An amalgamation of public and private clouds is known as a hybrid cloud. While extending the remaining capabilities to the cloud, it is intended to keep some servers on-site. The flexibility and affordability of public cloud computing are offered by hybrid cloud computing.

 

2. What is Amazon EC2’s primary objective? 

Answer:

Amazon EC2 (Elastic Compute Cloud) on the AWS Cloud provides scalable virtual computers known as instances. It is used to flexibly and economically handle different workloads. 

Here are a few instances of its main uses: 

• delivering websites and web applications 
• Put backend procedures and batch jobs into action. 
• Implement hybrid cloud solutions. 
• Reach high levels of availability and scalability. 
• Reduce the time to market for the new use case.

 

3. Give an overview of Amazon S3 and discuss its importance. 

Answer:

The object storage solution offered by Amazon Simple Storage Service (Amazon S3) is scalable, adaptable, and secure. It is the cornerstone of a plethora of cloud-based workloads and applications. 

Below is a list of several attributes that highlight its significance: 

• Given its robustness—99.999999999% durability and 99.99% availability—it is suitable for critical data. 
• offers robust security features, including access controls, encryption, and support for VPC endpoints. 
• functions nicely with numerous AWS services, including Lambda, EC2, and EBS. 
• It’s ideal because of big data analytics, mobile apps, media distribution and storage, minimal latency, and high throughput.
• Access logs, replication, versioning, monitoring, and lifecycle policies are among the versatile management capabilities. 
• supported by the worldwide low-latency access infrastructure of Amazon.com.

 

4. Describe the meaning of “Availability Zones” and “Regions” about Amazon Web Services. 

Answer:

The distinct geographic areas where AWS resources are situated are referred to as AWS Regions. Companies select locations near their clientele to minimize latency, and cross-region replication offers superior resilience against disasters. An availability zone consists of one or more independent data centers with redundancy in networking, connection, and power. They make it possible to allocate resources in a more fault-tolerant manner.

 

5. How can a CI/CD pipeline for a multi-tier application be automated using Amazon CodePipeline? 

Answer:

To expedite the delivery of updates while upholding strict quality requirements, CodePipeline can be used to automate the process from code check-in to build, test, and deployment across various environments. A CI/CD pipeline can be automated by taking the subsequent actions: Create a Pipeline: To begin, create a pipeline in AWS CodePipeline and enter the source code repository (GitHub, AWS CodeCommit, etc.). Define the Build Stage: To compile your code, run tests, and produce deployable artifacts, connect to a build service such as AWS CodeBuild.

Configure Deployment steps: Set up each application tier’s deployment steps separately. AWS Elastic Beanstalk is for web applications, AWS ECS is for containerized applications, and AWS CodeDeploy is for automating deployments to Amazon EC2 machines. Steps for Approval (Optional): Add manual approval processes before deployment phases in key environments to guarantee quality and control. Keep an eye on and tweak: Observe the performance of the pipeline and make any required modifications. The deployment process can be made better over time by using iteration and feedback.

 

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6. When creating a deployment solution on AWS, what important aspects need to be taken into account to efficiently scale, deploy, provision, and monitor applications? 

Answer:

Fitting AWS services to your application’s requirements—including those for computing, storage, and databases—is essential to designing a well-architected AWS implementation. Amazon’s extensive service catalog complicates this procedure, which involves a few key steps:

 

• Provisioning entails setting up managed services like S3, RDS, CloudFront, and EC2 or subnets, as well as other crucial AWS infrastructure, for the underlying apps.
• Configuring involves making changes to your system to satisfy certain needs about performance, availability, security, and environment.
• Installing: Ensure seamless version changes by distributing or updating software components efficiently. 
• Scaling: Adjust resource distribution dynamically in response to variations in load according to predetermined standards. 
• Observation: Monitor the use of resources, deployment results, and the condition of the app.

 

7. Using AWS CodePipeline, how can a multi-tier application’s CI/CD pipeline be automated? 

Answer:

Update delivery can be accelerated while upholding strict quality requirements by automating the process from code check-in to build, test, and deployment across several environments with CodePipeline. You may automate a CI/CD pipeline by doing the following steps:

•  GitHub or AWS CodeCommit are examples of source code repositories. To begin, create a pipeline in AWS CodePipeline. 
• Define Build Stage: Use a build service, such as AWS CodeBuild, to automate the compilation, testing, and deployment of your code into deployable artifacts. 
• Phases of Setup and Deployment: Set up each application tier’s deployment phases. For web deployments, use AWS Elastic Beanstalk and AWS CodeDeploy to automate deployments to Amazon EC2 instances.
• Manage Deployment steps: Set up each application tier’s deployment steps. For web applications, utilize AWS Elastic Beanstalk, for containerized apps, use AWS ECS, and for automating deployments to Amazon EC2 instances, use AWS CodeDeploy. 
• Include Approval Steps (Optional): To guarantee quality and control in sensitive environments, manually approve actions before deployment stages.
• Observe and Rework: Check the performance of the pipeline and make any required adjustments. Make use of iteration and feedback to make continual improvements to the deployment process.

 

8. Which methodology do you use for managing AWS DevOps continuous integration and deployment? 

Answer:

The use of AWS Developer Tools in AWS DevOps can facilitate continuous integration and deployment management. Use these tools to store and version the source code of your application first. Next, utilize AWS CodePipeline and other similar services to orchestrate the processes of build, testing, and deployment. AWS CodeBuild and AWS CodeDeploy are integrated to compile and test code, respectively, and automate the deployment process to many environments. CodePipeline functions as the foundation. With this simplified method, continuous integration and delivery are guaranteed by effective, automated procedures.

 

9. How does Amazon ECS support AWS DevOps? 

Answer:

Amazon ECS is a scalable container management solution that facilitates Docker container operations on EC2 instances through a controlled cluster, hence enhancing application deployment and operation. 

 

10.  In what ways can ECS be preferable to Kubernetes? 

Answer:

For certain deployments, ECS is a better choice than Kubernetes since it is more adaptable, scalable, and simple to set up.

 

11. How does an AWS solution architect perform their job? 

Answer:

Providing scalability and best performance, AWS Solutions Architects plan and manage applications on AWS. They explain complicated ideas to stakeholders who are neither technical nor non-technical and assist developers, system administrators, and clients in using AWS efficiently for their business goals. 

 

12.  For AWS EC2, what are the most important security recommended practices? 

Answer:

Restricting access to trustworthy hosts, limiting permissions, deactivating password-based AMI logins, employing multi-factor authentication for added security, and leveraging IAM for access control are all crucial EC2 security procedures.

 

13. How may fault-tolerant and highly available AWS architecture be used to create vital web applications? 

Answer:

Building a highly available and fault-tolerant architecture on AWS necessitates several strategies to mitigate the effects of failure and ensure ongoing operation. Key principles include:

 

• To eliminate single points of failure, add redundancy to system components. 
• Load balancing is employed to attain maximum efficiency and fair traffic distribution. putting in place automatic monitoring to find and fix problems instantly.
• Dispersed systems are better for fault tolerance, and scalable systems can handle varying demands.
• Data protection and speedy recovery depend on the use of fault isolation, frequent backups, and disaster recovery strategies. 
• Moreover, methods for continuous testing and deployment enhance system reliability, while planning for graceful degradation preserves functionality throughout losses.

 

14. Out of the three options for a data-driven application, describe why you would use Amazon RDS, Amazon DynamoDB, or Amazon Redshift. 

Answer:

Based on your unique requirements, you can choose between Redshift, Amazon RDS, and DynamoDB for a data-driven application. Applications that demand a conventional relational database with support for normal SQL, transactions, and intricate queries are best suited for Amazon RDS. Applications requiring a NoSQL database with good scalability and fast, consistent performance at any size can benefit from Amazon DynamoDB. Flexible data models and quick development are two of its best features. Thanks to its use of data warehousing and columnar storage, Amazon Redshift is the ideal solution for analytical applications that need to run complicated queries on massive datasets quickly.

 

15. How do AWS Lake Formation and AWS Glue relate to one another? 

Answer:

Utilizing AWS Glue’s serverless architecture, data catalog, control console, and ETL capabilities, AWS Lake Formation expands upon its infrastructure. The tools that AWS Glue offers for generating, securing, and managing data lakes are enhanced by Lake Formation, which adds to Glue’s focus on ETL procedures. It is vital to know how Glue facilitates Lake Formation to answer queries about AWS Glue. As they demonstrate their understanding of the integration of services and functions inside the AWS ecosystem, candidates should be prepared to talk about Glue’s role in data lake management within Google. This exhibits a thorough comprehension of how different services work together to effectively handle and handle data.

 

16. Can you explain the distinctions between RDS, S3, and Amazon Redshift? When should you use each? 

Answer:

Any quantity of data can be stored in scalable, long-lasting storage using Amazon S3, an object storage service. Rough, unstructured data such as log files, CSVs, pictures, etc., can be stored there. Cloud data storage optimized for business intelligence and analytics is called Amazon Redshift. It can load data stored on S3, execute intricate queries, and provide reports thanks to its integration with the cloud platform. Managed relational databases, such as PostgreSQL, MySQL, and others, are offered through Amazon RDS. With capabilities like indexing, restrictions, and other characteristics, it can power transactional applications that require databases that comply with ACID standards.

 

17. What are denial-of-service attacks (DDoS) and which services help prevent them? 

Answer:

DDoS attacks are online crimes where the attacker gains access to a website and launches several sessions, preventing other authorized users from using the service. You may thwart DDoS attacks on your AWS services by using the following native tools: 

• AW Shield 
• Amazon Workforce 
• Amazon 
• Route 53 
• Amazon ELB 
• VPC 
• CloudFront

 

18. And how does it enhance a data warehouse? What is an operational data store? 

Answer:

A database intended for real-time business analytics and operations is called an operational data store (ODS). The platform serves as a bridge connecting the data warehouse and transactional systems. An ODS has up-to-date, subject-oriented, integrated data from numerous sources, whereas a data warehouse contains high-quality data optimized for business intelligence and reporting.

 

19. Describe S3 in detail. 

Answer:

For Simple Storage Service, use S3. Any quantity of data can be stored and retrieved online at any time and from any location by using the S3 interface. S3 is paid for via “pay as you go” methods.

 

20. What is included in AMI? 

Answer:

The following components make up an AMI: the instance’s root volume template. Determine which AWS accounts can use the AMI to start instances by launching permissions. a mapping of block devices that establishes which volumes to attach to the instance at launch.

 

21. What connection exists between region and availability zone? 

Answer:

An Amazon data center’s physical location is called an AWS Availability Zone. On the other hand, Availability Zones or Data Centres are grouped to form an Amazon Region. Because you can locate your virtual machines (VMs) across many data centers within an AWS Region, this configuration enhances the availability of your services. Client requests are still fulfilled by other data centers in the same Region even if one of the data centers in that Region fails. As a result, this setup helps ensure that your service will continue to function even if a data center fails.

 

22. Which kinds of EC2 instances are there, according to price? 

 

Answer:

According to price, there are three kinds of EC2 instances: Instances that are ready when needed are known as on-demand instances. You may easily establish an on-demand instance whenever you feel the need for a fresh EC2 instance. If consumed over an extended period, it becomes more expensive. Spot Instance – The bidding approach can be used to purchase these kinds of instances. In comparison to On-Demand Instances, these are more affordable. Reserved Instance: On AWS, instances can be created and kept for up to a year in reserve. Particularly helpful are these kinds of instances when you anticipate using an instance for an extended period.

 

23. What is meant by “stopping and terminating” an instance of an EC2? 

Answer:

As with a regular PC shutdown, stopping an EC2 instance entails turning it off. The instance can be restarted as needed, and no volumes connected to it will be erased. On the other hand, ending an instance is the same as wiping it out. The instance is terminated and cannot be restarted at a later date, and all volumes associated with it are erased.

 

24. Which consistency models does Amazon provide for contemporary database systems? 

 

Answer:

Data will eventually become consistent, although it cannot happen right away, according to eventual consistency. Though it’s possible that some of the initial read attempts would read stale data, this will serve client requests faster. Systems where real-time data is not required like this kind of consistency. For instance, it’s okay to miss a few seconds of the most recent Facebook postings or tweets on Twitter. Robust Consistency: This ensures that the data is instantly consistent across all database servers. Consequently. Before returning to fulfilling requests, this model may need some time to ensure data consistency.

 

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25. What is CloudFront is Geo-Targeting? 

Answer:

Customized content can be created based on the user’s geographic location thanks to geo-targeting. This lets you present the user with content that is more pertinent to them. By employing Geo-Targeting, for instance, you can provide news on local body elections to a user seated in India that you might not want to display to a user seated in the US. Likewise, information on baseball tournaments may be more pertinent to a user seated in the US than it is to a user seated in India.

 

26. How does AWS IAM benefit users? 

 

Answer:

Granular-level access to various users and groups can be granted by an administrator using AWS IAM. Varying degrees of access to various resources may be required by various user groups and individual users. You can designate roles for users and provide them access at different levels using IAM. Federated Access is the ability to grant users and apps access to the resources without requiring the creation of IAM Roles.

 

27. What does a “security group” mean to you? 

 

Answer:

You might or might not want an instance you build in AWS to be reachable via the public network. Additionally, it might be desirable for that instance to be available on certain networks but not on others. You may manage who can access your instances with Security Groups, a kind of rule-based virtual firewall. Rules specifying the Port Numbers, Networks, or Protocols from which you wish to grant or restrict access can be created.

 

28. Stateless and Stateful Firewalls: What Are They? 

Answer:

One that upholds the definition of the rules is known as a stateful firewall. Only inbound rules need to be defined. It automatically permits the flow of outbound traffic based on the set inbound rules. With a Stateless Firewall, however, you must specifically specify rules for both outgoing and incoming traffic. An example of a stateful firewall permits outgoing traffic to Port 80, but not a stateless firewall, if you permit inbound traffic from Port 80.

 

29. What do the Recovery Point and Recovery Time Objectives in AWS mean? 

Answer:

The goal of recovery time is to minimize the amount of time that can pass between a service disruption and its restoration. This can be translated into a window of tolerable downtime for the service. The maximum admissible time elapsed since the last data restore point is known as the recovery point objective. Whichever falls between the last recovery point and the service interruption, is the allowable amount of data loss.

 

30. Can an EC2 instance that is stopped or running have its Private IP Address changed? 

Answer:

It is not possible to modify the Private IP address of an EC2 instance. During boot time, an EC2 instance is assigned a private IP address upon launch. During its whole existence, this instance is associated with a private IP address that is unchangeable.